Indigenous-led Circular Bioeconomies: Social and Economic Impacts and Social Perceptions

This report by Task 43 (Biomass supply) provides an in-depth analysis of First Nations-led circular bioeconomies in Australia, examining their social, economic, environmental, and cultural impacts. It captures the perspectives of various First Nations groups, emphasising their traditional responsibilities for caring for Country, preserving ancestral knowledge systems, and engaging in sustainable practices that support community wellbeing and environmental health.

This First Nations of Australia Circular Bioeconomies Report was developed through a face-to-face consultation process that involved First Nations voices from several different cultural groups that met in a series of workshops.

Download the full report “Circular Bioeconomies”

Circular bioeconomies

Circular bioeconomies are defined as economies that are restorative and regenerative by design, aiming to maintain products, components, and materials at their highest utility and value while operating within ecological boundaries. The report integrates First Nations worldviews by identifying four main elements essential to sustainable circular bioeconomies: process and protocols, economy, environment, and society/community.

These elements reflect a holistic approach that aligns with First Nations cultural values emphasising interconnectedness and stewardship of Country.

Process and Protocols

This element encompasses the value systems, customs, and cultural practices guiding  respectful interaction and collaboration among First Nations groups. It includes transparency, adherence to cultural protocols, and collaboration, which are vital for maintaining cultural authenticity and ethical engagement.

Economy

From a First Nations perspective, the economy extends beyond monetary value to include generational knowledge exchange and spiritual connections. Traditional knowledge and skills serve as alternative forms of barter, reinforcing community bonds and spiritual ties to Country. Equity and inclusivity are emphasised in cultural transactions, and economic activities prioritise harmony with the land over profit.

Environment

Environmental stewardship is deeply intertwined with cultural identity. Participants stressed the importance of healing and caring for Country, with sub-elements such as productivity, regeneration, efficiency, and circularity reflecting traditional responsibilities. The health of Country is seen as directly impacting the wellbeing of First Nations peoples.

Society/Community

Society, often referred to as community, involves kinship and traditional ways of knowing, being, and doing. Community wellbeing is closely linked to access to and rights over traditional lands. The report discusses the adverse effects of colonisation, including forced removal from Country, social disparities, and the complex impacts of legislation like the Native Title Act 1993, which, while recognising some rights, has also caused divisions within families and communities.

Some notable findings

• Technology enables spiritual growth by integrating knowledge systems and improving practical application. It also helps preserve traditional knowledge and values, and shifts power dynamics in interactions with colonial governments.
• Grant-based funding for salary payments is not directly comparable to compensation structures within colonial job frameworks. Income from grants often restricts financial allocation to specific purposes, which may not align with organisational needs. Additionally, grant-based funding typically does not provide administrative financial support, an essential component for sustainable business operations. Many First Nations organisations operate with salaries below minimum wage due to these constraints. Grants also impose strict requirements regarding the timing and allocation of funds. Facilitating opportunities for active and sustainable employment within First Nations organisations has been associated with a reduction in perceived racism. Financial sponsorships and partnerships can support First Nations organisations in transitioning away from reliance on grants, ultimately fostering economic independence and equity.
• There is currently limited trust in the application of Traditional knowledge to Country management activities. Greater recognition and integration of Traditional knowledge are essential. To achieve this, it is important to provide First Nations People with expanded opportunities to lead Country healing practices, such as cultural burning and traditional harvesting, which can help shift perceptions and foster confidence in traditional knowledge systems. Demonstrating positive outcomes through these efforts can contribute to establishing a “Fee-for-Service” business model based on reputation and results.
• Working on Country is a fundamental practice for First Nations Peoples. The restoration of Country contributes to improved well-being and spiritual health. This connection strengthens spiritual values and facilitates the recovery of artefacts and the preservation of sacred cultural sites that may otherwise be overlooked or damaged by those unfamiliar with their significance. It is essential for First Nations Peoples to lead efforts in walking and healing Country. Furthermore, engaging in this work provides opportunities to educate others about its importance and meaning.